高考英语13种时态实例全汇总

过去进行时

过去进行时的定义

过去进行时主要表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。如：

I was having a talk with Li Hua at that time. 那时，我正在跟李华谈话。

I was watching TV at home last night. 昨晚我一直在看电视。

过去进行时的结构

过去进行时由“was / were + 现在分词”构成。如：

I was doing my lessons then. 那时，我在做功课。

We were cleaning the house. 我们在打扫房子。

使用过去进行时应注意的几点

(1) 过去进行时可表示按计划、安排过去某时刻将要发生的动作。如：

He said they were leaving for Beijing this afternoon. 他说他今天下午要去北京。

(2) 动词hope, wonder等的过去进行时常用来表示提出要求，虽然表示现在的内容，但语气比一般现在时或一般过去时要委婉。如：

I was wondering whether you could come to join us. 我想你能否过来跟我们一起活动?

(3) 过去进行时中有always, forever, continually, constantly修饰时，表示说话人的赞赏或厌烦的感情。如：

He was always thinking of others. 他总是想到人家。

过去进行时与一般过去时的区别

(1) 过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。如：

He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完)

He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完)

(2) 表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice)可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时。如：

I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。

(3) 一般过去时与always, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示“过去经常性、习惯性的动作”;而过去进行时与always, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示动作的重复，常带有感情的色彩。如：

He always got up at six. 他过去总是六点起床。

He was always thinking of his work. 他总是一心想到工作。

(4) 有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时，但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的;而过去进行时表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。如：

I thought that he would agree with us. 我原以为它会同意我们的。

I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice. 我想到了要说服他接受我们的建议。

现在完成时

现在完成时的定义

现在完成时既可表示过去发生的动作对现在所造成的结果或影响(此时通常连用的时间状语有already, yet, just, ever, before)，也可表示动作从过去某时间开始，一直持续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去(此时通常连用的时间状语有this month / week / year, these days, recently / lately, in the past few + 时间段, since +时间点, for + 时间段)。如：

I have just finished my work. 我把工作做完。

Have you ever been to Beijing? 你曾经去过北京吗?

I have lived for ten years. 我在这儿住了十年了。

We have studied here since 2003. 我们自2003年来就在这儿读书了。

现在完成时的结构

现在完成时由“have / has + 过去分词”构成。

现在完成时的应用

(1) 非持续性动词go, come, leave, borrow, buy, die, join的完成时的肯定式不能与时间段连用，若要接用时间段状语，则应换成相应的持续动词或状态动词。如：

He has left. 他走了。

He has been away for an hour. 他走了一个小时了。

Can I borrow that book? 我可以借那本书吗?

How long can I keep the book? 这本书我可借多久?

注意：非持续性动词的否定完成时可与时间段状语连用。如：

He has not borrowed the book since then. 从此以后，他再也没有借这本书了。

(2) have / has been to 表示曾经去过某地，但现在不在那儿;have / has gone to表示现在已去某地，现在不在这儿。如：

He has been to Canada, but now he is working in our company. 他去过加拿大，现在在我们公司工作。

Mr. Li is not at home. He has gone to Shanghai. 李先生不在家，他去上海了。

(3) 完成时的肯定式常用already，而否定式和疑问句常用yet，但若already用于疑问句时，表示一种出乎意外的惊讶。如：

Have you read it already? 你就看完了?

现在完成时与其他时态的区别

(1) 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：现在完成时强调动作的结果或对现在的影响，属于现在时的范畴;一般过去时强调动作所发生的时间，属于过去时的范畴。因此，过去时需跟过去时间连用或有表过去时间的上下文连用，而现在完成时不能与过去时间连用。如：

I read the book two weeks ago. 我两周前读了这本书。

I have read the book for two weeks. 这本书我读过两周了。

(2) 现在完成时与现在进行时：现在完成时强调动作持续到现在或刚结束;而现在进行时只强调目前的状态。如：

They have talked for about two hours. 他们谈了大约两个小时。(强调动作的持续)

They are talking. 他们在谈话。 (强调目前的状态)

过去完成时

过去完成时的定义

过去完成时既可表示过去某个时间或动作之前所发生的事情(常用时间状语有already, before, ever, just, never, still, yet)，也可表示过去某个时间或动作之前所发生的动作一直持续到过去某个时间(常接时间状语：since +时间点, for + 时间段)。如：

When I got to the station, the train had left. 当我到达车站时，火车已经开走了。

We had learnt fifteen lessons by last week. 到上周为止，我们学完了十五篇课文。

He had stayed here for two days before he left. 他走之前在这儿呆了两天。

He said that he had lived there since he was ten. 他说他十岁起就住在那儿了。

过去完成时的结构

过去完成时由“had + 过去分词”构成。

过去完成时的应用

(1) 与过去完成时连用的时间状语可以多种多样，使用它的主要依据是看其是否发生在“过去的过去”。如：

He had learnt some English before I went here. 在来这儿之前我学过一些英语。

He had written three stories by last year. 到去年他已经写了三篇故事。

We had cleaned the room when he got there. 当他到那儿时，我们已经把房子弄干净了。

He went there after he had finished his work. 他把事做完之后，就去哪儿了。

注意：当主句跟由before, after, as soon as所引导的时间从句的动作连接很紧密时，从句也可用一般过去时。

He went there after he read the letter. 他看了那封信后就去那儿了。

(2) 过去完成时还经常用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。如：

He said he had been a soldier. 他说他当过兵。

They said they had seen the film. 他们说这幕电影他们看过。

(3) 在hardly / scarcely …when…, no sooner…than… 两个结构中的主句通常要用过去完成时。如：

Hardly had I told her the news when she began to cry out. 她一听到这一消息就大哭了起来。

Scarcely had he finished his supper when he went out. 他已吃完晚饭就出去了。

No sooner had he fallen asleep than he lay down on the bed. 他一躺倒床上就睡着了。

(4) 动词expect, hope, suppose, think, want等的过去完成时可用来表示未实现的计划、打算或希望。如：

I had hoped to see you. 我本希望来看你。

He had wanted to buy a house in Beijing. 他本想在北京买栋房子。

过去完成时与一般过去时

(1) 过去完成时表示以过去某时间为起点以前所发生的动作或存在的状态，即：过去完成时强调“过去的过去”，而一般过去时只表示以现在时间为起点以前所发生的事情或存在的状态。如：

He studied there two years ago. 他在那儿学习了两年。(离现在两年)

He said he had studied there two years ago. 他说他在那儿学习了两年。(离他说话时两年)

(2) 表示过去某个时间以前所连续发生的两个或两个以上的动作时，一般用and, then, but按照动作的先后顺序连接，此时通常用一般过去时而不用过去完成时。如：

He said he went the shop and bought some food. 他说他去商店买了一些食品。

将来完成时

将来完成时的基本用法

表示到将来某个时间为止势必会完成或预计要完成的动作，由“will [shall]+have+过去分词”构成：

He will have arrived by now. 他现在应当已经到了。

He will have gone back to England.他想必回英国去了。

When we get there，she’ll have gone to work. 我们到那里时她会已上班去了。

On Monday he’ll have been in Britain for three years. 到星期一，他在英国就满三年了。

现在完成时、过去完成时与将来完成的区别

现在完成时以现在时间为参照点，表示在“现在”以前完成的动作或持续到“现在”的状态，过去完成时则以过去时间为参照点，表示在“过去”某一时间以前发生的动作或持续到“过去”某一时间的状态，将来完成时则以将来时间为参照点，表示在“将来”某一时间为止已经完成的动作或持续到“将来”某一时间的状态：

He has finished writing his novel. 他已写完了他的小说。

He had finished writing his novel by the end of last year. 去年年底他就写完他的小说。

He will have finished writing his novel by the end of next year. 到明年年底他就会写完他的小说了。

与一般现在时代替一般将来时一样，在表示时间或者条件的状语从句，通常要用现在完成时来表示将来完成时，而不能直接使用将来完成时：

I will go with you when I have finished my work. 等我完成工作之后我就同你去。

若不强调动作的完成(且不致于引起歧义)，有时也可用一般现在时：

I will go with you when I finish my work. 我完成工作后就同你去。

过去将来完成时

构成方法

过去将来完成时由“would+have+过去分词”构成。

用法及用例

过去将来完成时表示在过去看来将来某时会已经完成的动作：

She said she’d have finished her exams by then. 她说那时她会已经考完试了。

I thought Sophia would have told you something. 我想索菲娅会已告诉你一地情况。

I thought you would have finished by now. 我想你现在一定已经干完了。

There are a lot of things I should have liked to ask you. 有好些事我本想问你的。

He knew by the time he arrived she would have gone home. 他知道他到时她会已经回家了。

Well, well! Who would have guessed it! 真是的! 这谁会想到呀!

过去完成进行时

结构形式

过去完成进行时由“had been+现在分词”构成，因此无人称变化。

用法归纳

1.过去完成进行时表示持续到过去某时的一个动作(可算是现在完成进行时的过去式)：

The ground was wet. It had been raining. 地是湿的。此前一直在下雨。

At last the bus came. I had been waiting for half an hour. 最后公共汽车来了，我已等了半小时。

She was out of breath. She had been running. 她气喘吁吁，她一直在跑来着。

He gave up smoking last year. He’d been smoking for twenty years. 去年他戒烟了。他抽烟已经二十年。

2.过去时间可用一个时间状语表示：

When I first met her, she had been working in the company for ten years. 我第一次见到她时，她在那家公司已工作十年了。

I had not been waiting long when a taxi drew up. 我没等多久就来了一辆出租车。

She had been looking at the parcel for some time before she realized that it was for her mother. 这包裹她看了好一会儿才明白这是寄给她妈的。

Until/Up till then she had been living with her daughter. 到那时为止她一直和她女儿一起住。

3.但在更多情况下过去时间由另一句子表示出来，毋需加上时间状语：

Her eyes were red. It was obvious she had been crying. 她眼睛红红的，显然她是哭了。

Jane was annoyed. Peter had been phoning her every night. 简很不高兴。彼得一直每晚给打电话。

He was very tired. He had been working all day. 他很累。他干了一整天活。

She couldn’t understand him. She hadn’t been learning English long. 她不懂他的话。她学语的时间还不长。

I woke up—I had been having a bad dream. 我醒了，我做了个恶梦。

She was very tired. She had been typing letters all day. 她很累了。她整天都在打信件。

Her eyes were red. It was obvious she had been crying. 她的眼睛红了，显然她刚哭过。

We had been doing business with each other for years before we quarrelled. 在吵翻之前，我们多年来在业务上一直来往。

When I first met Ann, she had been working for Exxon for 15 years. 我第一次遇到安的时候，她已在埃克森公司干了15年了。

Jenny was annoyed. Jim had been phoning her every night for a whole week. 詹妮生气了。整整一星期，吉姆天天晚上都给她打电话。

4.有时上下文可说明是谈过去的事，因此不需要时间状语：

She had been watching TV all day. 她看了一天的电视。

I had been reading your book. 我一直在看你写的书。

The rain had been pouring all night. 倾盆大雨下了一整夜。

We had been travelling in many countries. 我们一直在许多国家旅游。

5.这个时态也可用在某些从句中，这时从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前而对其有影响：

I heard you’d been looking for me. 我听说你一直在找我。

That was just the letter I had been expecting. 这正是我一直期待的信。

That was exactly what we had been trying to do. 这正是我们一直想做的事。

I wanted to know what had been going on. 我想知道一直在发生什么事。

The drive increased the fatigue she had been feeling. 开车增加了她一直感到疲惫感觉。

They said that they had been fighting for their rights all these years. 他们说这些年来他们一直在为他们的权利而斗争。

特别补充

1.凡不能用于进行时的动词均不能有这种时态，但动词want (有时还有wish) 除外。如：

The boy was delighted with his new knife. He had been wanting one for a long time. 男孩对新小刀很高兴。他早就想要一把了。

2.过去完成进行时没有被动语态。

将来完成进行时

结构形式

将来完成进行时由“will / shall have been+现在分词”构成。

用法归纳

用法一：表示动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间，至于是否继续下去，要视上下文而定。如：

She will have been having treatment all her life. 她将终生受到治疗。

By the end of next month he will have been here for ten years. 到下月底，他在这儿就够十年了。

By this time next year, we will have been doing business with each other for 20 years. 到明年这时候，我们的业务住来就满20年了。

By the end of this year he’ll have been acting for thirty years. 到今年年底他当演员就满30年了。

用法二：表示一种经常性反复进行的持续性动作。如：

By the end of this month he will have been training horses for twenty years. 到了这个月底他驯马就满20年了。

By the end of this month he will have been climbing mountains for twenty years. 到了这个月底他登山就满20年了。

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