牛津译林版高一英语unit1《School life》课件

They are as clever as anyone else in their class. They get low marks because they are lazy.

此结构前可以用倍数或分数

The newly-made car runs twice faster than any old one of its type.

This room is one third as large as yours.

(2) what I used to get in my old school 相当于the homework I used to do in my old school，与as构成比较状语。

It’s still as beautiful as what we once saw.

She doesn’t run as fast as she used to.

3. Though it didn’t look like a table when it was finished, I still liked it very much.尽管当它完成的时候不像桌子，我仍然很喜欢它。

Though/Although引导让步状语从句，主句不要再用连词and, but等;但可以用副词still。

Though/Although there were many more guests at the party, they managed to get enough glasses for all.

Though引导让步状语从句时，可以倒装;也可以用as， 但用as必须倒装。此结构中不用although。

Young though/as he is, he knows a lot.

Child though/as he is, he knows how to deal with the difficult situation.注意：child前不用冠词。

4. First of all, let me introduce myself to you. 首先，让我来向你们自我介绍一下。

祈使句的用法：动词需用原形，常见的有：(1)让我/我们做…(Let’s/ Let me do…) ;(2)让对方做…

Let’s go outing this weekend.

Find a good book to read whenever possible.

Tom, go and get your coat. It’s behind the door. (这不是第三人称，而是吩咐Tom去做文章)

Don’t leave the light on when there is no one in the room.

Never speak ill of others. (否定句时强调用never)

5. I do like eating desserts after meals as you mentioned in your article.我的确饭后喜欢吃甜点心，正如你文章里提到的。

强调动词时，用do/does/did。

He does come here earlier than anyone else in his class every morning.

He did tell a lie when he was asked where he was that night.

Do be careful while crossing the street.

6. I didn’t realize how different schools in the UK are from schools in China until I read your article. 直到我读了你文章后才知道英国的学校与中国的有多么的不同。

not …until 直到…才 until引导时间状语/时间状语从句。指将来的事，时间状语从句中一般现在时态。

You won’t find the book interesting until you have covered the first 50 pages.

He didn’t go to bed until 11 o’clock/his mother came back.

7.Upon doing… 的用法

问：(1)怎样理解“Upon finishing his studies, he started travelling in China.”中的“Upon doing sth.”?

答：Upon/On doing sth. 一…就;此句意思：他一完成学业，就在中国旅行。

也可用as soon as ;the moment; immediately等引导的时间状语从句。即：

As soon as he finished his studies, he started travelling in China.

The moment he finished his studies, he started travelling in China.

Immediately he finished his studies, he started travelling in China.

Upon/On arriving home, my mother started cooking. 妈妈一到家就烧饭。

Upon/On 后也可接名词，意思不变。

Upon/On her arrival at home, my mother started cooking.

On/Upon hearing the news, she burst into tears. 一听到那个消息，她就哭起来。

8.more than, other than, rather than 的区别

问：(2)“Our club is much more than just music.”中 more than是什么意思?

答：我们的俱乐部远不止音乐。more than …还多;不止

We are more than happy to hear of the success of their team.听到他们对成功，我们非常高兴。

We were excited that the company was more than willing to offer us what we needed.那家公司很乐意提供我们所需要的，我们很激动。

类似的短语如other than和rather than;

other than 常用于否定句中，意思相当于except。

There was nothing we could do other than wait.我们除了等待什么也不能做。

You can’t get there other than by boat.你只能乘船去那里。

One can experience four seasons a day in no country other than Britain.一个人只有在英国才能一天经历四个季节。

rather than 而不是， 后接各种形式的搭配(名词/动词原形/动名词/从句)，但必须并列结构。

Rather than cause trouble, he left. 不愿引起麻烦，他离开了。

The job will take months rather than weeks. It’s no easy at all.根本就不容易，这工作要花数月而不是几周。

It was what he did rather than what he said that interested me. 是他所做的而不是他所说的让我感兴趣。

9.just 用法之一---加强语气。

问：(2)“Our club is much more than just music.”中just是什么用法?

答：just用于加强语气;此句中相当于only，仅仅;

Answer me, don’t just stand there laughing.回答我，不要只是站在那里笑。(only)

That’s just my luck.我运气总是不好。(exactly)

I’ve never seen anyone run so fast---just watch David.我从没看到谁跑这么快，看David。

(6) Exercises

Grammar (task-teaching method) (2 periods)

Explanation

定语从句简介(Attributive clauses)

在句中修饰名词或代词的从句，因其作用相当于形容词，故称形容词性从句，即通常所说的定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。引导定语从句的有：

关系代词： 先行词为人：who, whom, that, whose 先行词为物：which, that, whose

关系副词： when, where, why

结合本单元我们学习关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose引导定语从句的用法。

I. 关系代词 that引导的定语从句

关系代词that所引导的定语从句的先行词既可以是人也可以是物，在定语从句中充当主语或宾语。充当主语时，不能省略，充当宾语时，可以省略。关系代词that在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

Great changes that have never been seen before appear in the countryside.

(that在从句中作主语，指物，可用which代替，不用who，不能省略。因that修饰先行词 changes，故定语从句谓语用复数)

My brother works in a shop that sells CDs. (that在从句中作主语，指物，可用which代替，不用who，不能省略。 因that修饰先行词 a shop，故定语从句谓语用第三人称单数)

Is Abby the person that gives advice to readers that have trouble with their life? (此句中含两个定语从句;that在定语从句中都作主语，不省略，可用who代替，不用which。)

The watch that I bought yesterday works well. (that在从句中作宾语，指物，可用which代替，不用who，能省略。)

Luckily none of the people that I know were killed in the accident. (that在从句中作宾语，指人，可用who或whom，不用which代替，能省略。)

先行词既有人又有物时，用that。

We talk about the superstars and their works that are well known in our country.

II. 关系代词 which引导的定语从句

关系代词which所引导的定语从句的先行词只能是物，在定语从句中充当主语或宾语。充当主语时，不能省略，充当宾语时，可以省略。关系代词which在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

The earthquake which happened in Tangshan was terrible. (which在定语从句中都作主语，不省略，可用that,不用who。)

The house which they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake. (which在定语从句中都作宾语，可省略，可用that, 不用who。)

III. 关系代词 who引导的定语从句

关系代词who所引导的定语从句的先行词只能是人，在定语从句中充当主语或宾语。充当主语时，不能省略，充当宾语时，可以省略。关系代词who在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。

I was the only person in my office who was invited to go to the palace ball. (who在从句中作主语，指人，可用that代替，不用which，不能省略。)

Don’t you have a friend who might give you a hand?

IV. 关系代词 whom引导的定语从句

关系代词whom所引导的定语从句的先行词只能是人，在定语从句中充当宾语，可以用who/that代替，也可以省略。

Don’t you have a friend whom/who/that/- you might turn to when you have trouble any time?

V. 关系代词 whose引导的定语从句

关系代词whose所引导的定语从句的先行词既可以是人也可以是物，在句中充当定语，后面紧跟名词。

Please pass me the book whose cover is red.(指物)

The lawyer whose name is Wang Jin lives in Nanjing.(指人)

that, which, who, whom, whose 的特殊用法

I. 关系代词that与which;that与who的一些特殊用法：

指物时，关系代词that和which一般情况下可换用，但以下几种情况下一般用that，不用which：

1) 先行词是all, everything, something, anything, nothing, none, few, little, much等不定代词;或是先行词被all, every, some, any, no, few, little等修饰时：

Is there anything (that) I can do for you in town?

I have read all the books (that) you gave me.

注：当something确指某物或某事时，用that或which都可以，如：

There is something that/which keeps worrying me. “有一件事一直令我不安。”

2) 先行词被形容词最高级或有序数词the first, the second…, the last修饰时：

This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.

The first place (that) we’ll visit is the Great Wall.

3) 先行词被the only，the very修饰时：

The only thing that matters is to find our way home.

This is the very book (that) I’ve been looking for.

4) 先行词既有人又有物时：

They talked about the persons and things (that) they remembered in the school.

5) 当主句是由who或which引导的特殊问句时，为避免重复，定语从句中常用that：

Who is the man that is standing by the door?

Which is the dictionary (that) you bought yesterday?

当先行词是anyone, those, he, she等代词表“人”时，一般用who而不用that：

Anyone who wants a ticket please sign your name here.

Those who want to go to the English party must be at the school gate by 7:30 p.m.

He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.

当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，通常用that而不用who：

He is no longer the man that he used to be.

II. 关系代词whose的特殊用法(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换, of which可置于其所修饰的名词前或后; 若指人, 可以同of whom互换)。例如：

Please pass me the book whose cover is green.(指物)

=Please pass me the book the cover of which(of which the cover) is green.

The doctor, whose name was Johnson, lived in a small town in the north of England.(指人)

=The doctor, the name of whom was Johnson, lived in a small town in the north of England.

III. 介词 + which/whom引导的定语从句

1) 介词 + which引导的定语从句， 此结构中，不能用that。which不能省略。介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾，这时可用that/which引导从句，也可省略。

The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.

The room that/which/- there is a machine in is a workshop.

但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置。如：

Is this the book (which/that) you are looking for? ( 这里介词for不提前，因为look for是固定词组，意为“寻找”，介词for若被提前，单个的look意为“看”，句意不符。)

2) 介词 + whom引导的定语从句，此结构中，不能用that也不用who。whom不能省略。

The man with whom my English teacher shook hands was from Harvard University.

介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定，该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。例如：

The man who/whom/that/- my English teacher shook hands with was from Harvard University.

巩固练习

定语从句典型题分析

高考题

1. All ____ is needed is a supply of oil. ( NMET89 )

A. the thing 　　　B. that 　　　　　C. what 　　　　D. which

点拨：本题考查引导定语从句的关系词，what只能用于名词性从句，因此A/D可以排除，又因先行词为不定代词all，所以答案为B。

2.He paid the boys $10 for washing ten windows, most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned for at

least a year. ( NMET90 )

A. these 　　　　B. those　　　　　 C. that 　　　　　D. which

点拨：本题考查非限制性定语从句。从句子结构上看，两句之间用的是逗号，无连词连接，故确定为从属句，介词后面的关系代词代物，只能用which，答案为D。

3.In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ____ she could turn for help. ( NMET92 )

A. that 　　　B. who　　　 　C. from whom 　　　D. to whom

点拨：本题考查定语从句中介词加关系代词的用法。根据句意“向某人求助”是turn to

sb. for help，其中介词to可提前，故答案为D。本句也可以如下表达：In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person (who/whom/that) she could turn to for help.)

4.Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, ____, of course, made the

others unhappy. ( 2000 )

A .who　　 B. which 　　C. this 　　　D. what

点拨：本题考查非限制性定语从句指代整个句子的用法，意为“老是自赞她在剧中表演

的角色，这件事当然令他人不快。”指代前面所说的整句话，用which。故答案为B。从句中插入of course增加了考测难度，解题时可先把它忽略。

易混题

5.①John is the only one of the students who ____ French.

②John is one of the students who ____ French.

A.know 　　B.knows 　　 C.knowing D.known

点拨：答案是①B②A。在句①中的句意是“约翰是学生中唯一懂法语的那个学生”，其重心是the only one故从句谓语动词应与one一致。在句②中的句意是“约翰是懂法语的学生中的一个”，也就是“懂法语的学生不止一个，约翰只是其中之一”，其重心是the students，故从句中谓语动词应与students一致。

6.①This is the knife ____ I usually cut my pencil.

②This is the knife ____ I usually use to cut my pencil.

A.with which B.which C.by which D.with that

点拨：答案是①A②B。在句①中，定语从句的句式是cut my pencil with the knife，故用with which引导定语从句。在句②中，定语从句的结构是use the knife to cut my pencil，故用which引导定语从句。

7.①Who lives in the house ____ windows face south?

② Who lives in the house ____ the windows face south?

A.whose B.which C.of which D.that

点拨：答案是①A②C。在句①中windows前没有定冠词，它所缺的是定语形容词，而whose的用法就是在定语从句中作定语且既可指人也可指物。在句②中windows前有定冠词，所以要填的内容不能作前置定语，又因为“房子的窗户”用英语表达是“the windows of the house”，故可用of which引导定语从句。

8.①Is this factory ____ you visited last year?

②Is this the factory ____ you visited last year?

A.that B.of which C.the one D.where

点拨：答案是①C②A。在句①中factory前没有定冠词，这说明this是作它的定语。这样，句中就缺少表语，也就是说定语从句缺少先行词，故选C(the one后省略了that)。在句②中this作主语，the factory作表语，其后带一个that引导的定语从句，故选A。

9.①When I have trouble，he is the only one ____I can ask for help.

②When I have trouble，he is the only one ____ I can go for help.

A.whom B.to whom C.which D.to who

点拨：答案是①A②B。句①中，在结构上所要添的内容在从句中作ask的宾语其句式是ask sb.for sth.，故用whom引导定语从句。在句②中，go是不及物动词其句式是go to sb.for sth.，故用to whom引导定语从句。

10.①The reason ____ he gave us was that his car broke down on the way.

②The reason ____he was late was that his car broke down on the way.

A.for which B.which C.how D.what

点拨：答案是①B②A。在句①中，所要填的内容在定语从句中应作gave的宾语，故应填关系代词which。在句②中，所要填的内容在定语从句中作原因状语，故应填关系副词for which(=why)。

Unit 1语法专练

I. 单项选择

1. You’d better not drink water _____ has not been boiled.

A. which B. whom C. whose D. who

2. The director and his movie ___ you have just talked about are really popular.

A. who B. which C. that D. of whom

3. He regrets buying the dog ______ was very old and died the next month.

A. who B. whom C. whose D. which

4. This is the house _______ my father bought on a rainy evening.

A. which B. that C. / D. all of the above

5. She is my former classmate _______ handwriting is very good.

A. whom B. whose C. of whom D. which

6. Is the girl your friend _______ you shook hands just now?

A. which B. that C. to whom D. with whom

7. In fact the Sweden did not understand the three questions ____ were asked in French.

A. where 　 B. who C. which　　　　D. what

8. Didn't you see the man ________ I nodded to just now?

A. which B. whom C. whose D. to which

9. I can't find the gold ring _______ I spent 100 dollars.

A. that B. on which C. which D. in which

10. The radio set ____ I bought last week has gone wrong.

A. / B. for which C. over which D. what

答案：1-5 ACDDB 6-10 DCBBA

II. 改写同义句

1. Wei Fang is the student and her home caught fire last night.

Wei Fang is the student_______________ caught fire last night.

2. This is the book .He is looking for it.

This is the book_______________.

3. He built a telescope that he could study the skies through.

He built a telescope _____________ he could study the skies.

4. The roof of the house was broken and has now been repaired.

The roof ____________ was broken has now been repaired.

5. The person I spoke to just now is our schoolmaster.

The person ____________ I spoke just now is our schoolmaster.

III. 单句改错

1. Mr Green is always working hard should get a rise.

2. I, who is your good friend, will try my best to help you.

3. It was a meeting that importance I didn’t realize at that time.

4. Children eat a lot of sweets or chocolate often have bad teeth.

5. Is this the horse that you spent five hours drawing it yesterday?

6. The students who has finished the exercises may leave the classroom now.

7. My glasses, with which I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.

8. They talked for about an hour of persons which they remembered in the school.

9. The boss whose department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women.

10. Chaplin, for who money was now no problem, started a new film company with his friends.

Word power (1.5 periods) School facilities

(1) text learning

(2) more exercises

Step 1 初步运用单词

阅读下面对话，根据所给单词的首字母填空

(Wan Fei is waiting for Gao Lin in a meeting room.)

Wan Fei: Hi, this is Wan Fei speaking. Gao Lin, Where are you now? The lecture is starting in five minutes.

Gao Lin: Hi, Wan Fei. I’m at the school (1) e__________. What is the (2) q_________ way to get the lecture hall?

Wan Fei: On the left you can see our school (3) c_________. Walk towards it first and go (4) b________ the canteen and the gym, then turn right, walk (5) p_________the science laboratory and go straight on.

Gao Lin: It’s a little bit puzzling.

Wan Fei: Don’t be (6) w_________. Walk on. Bye!

(Gao Lin walks on. Two minutes later, he calls again.)

Gao Lin: Oh, I can see the science laboratory now.

Wan Fei: Go straight on and you can see the (7) s__________ pool. Our lecture hall is (8)n________ to it.

Gao Lin: Thank you. See you!

Wan Fei: See you!

Keys: (1) entrance (2) quickest (3) canteen (4) between (5) past (6) worried (7) swimming (8) next

Step 2重点知识解析

根据句意，从more than / other than / rather than 中选出适合的短语填入下列各句：

(1) We are much ___________happy to hear of the success of their team.

(2)There was nothing we could do __________ wait.

(3) ____________ cause trouble, he left.

(4)We were excited that the company was _____________willing to offer us what we needed.

(5)The job will take months _____________ weeks. It’s no easy at all.

(6)You can’t get there _______________ by boat.

Keys: (1) more than (2) other than (3) Rather than (4) more than (5) rather than (6) other than

more than 不止，超过，非常，表示程度。

other than 常用于否定句中，意思相当于except。

rather than 而不是， 后接各种形式的搭配(名词/动词原形/动名词/从句)，但必须并列结构。

Step 3 单词拓展运用

1 根据短文内容，填入适当的词

(下文是Dunman High School (DHS)学生会的新生欢迎稿，可是有些词语漏掉了，请帮助补完。)

Welcome to Dunman High School (DHS)

You have many reasons to smile at DHS. It has much more than you (1)___________. There are 50 classrooms, and a (2) _____________ with 20, 000 books. It is open at weekdays. Chinese and English are (3) ______________ for all students. Our gym is open every day. You may (4)_______________ there and have fun as well (5)____________ you like. Students who live far away from home will be (6)_________ with our dormitories. Each room comes with its own (7)___________ and Internet (8)___________. You can get help at the medical (9)___________ when you are not yourself.

Life will be very easy here. I hope you will enjoy life at DHS. Tomorrow afternoon you will be given a warm welcome to DHS with carefully planned activities on the playground. They are (10)____________ to break the ice and build friendship between you and the seniors.

If you have any questions and need any help, come to the Students’ Office or call us any time weekdays.

2 用框中单词或词组的适当形式填空

expect come find think of need

available next to serve look at read

(1) You can’t expect me _________everything, OK? You see, I’m always busy with my work.

(2) ___________skiing her favourite sport is ice-hockey.

(3) You must make yourself personally ____________for paying the bills.

(4) It’s easy to __________ children’s thoughts by looking at their expressions.

(5) They have better players. They _________to win the game.

(6) They got separated from their friends and couldn’t ________ their way back.

(7) I didn’t _________to go to the bank---I borrowed some money from my brother.

(8) Three meals __________ in most places in China. People in Southeast Asian countries usually have four meals a day.

(9) It is said that no classroom in Singapore ________with air conditioners though it is always hot there and the country is a rich one.

(10) When he was young, he liked travelling to different cities. He would travel by ________the map of the city he visited by bus.

3 根据右栏中的解释，进行左右栏配对

(1) beam A joined bars for players to climb

(2) court B thick pad, for competitors to land on

(3) skipping rope C length of solid material with a changeable weight at each end

(4) climbing bars D indoor or outdoor space marked for basketball or similar ball games

(5) dumb-bell E a large long heavy piece of wood

(6) barbell F a short bar with a weight at each end for exercising the arms and shoulders

(7) mat G length of rope with handles at each end

4 根据中文意思，请完成下列句子

I have been an assistant manager since I _______________ (毕业) college last summer. I __________ (负责) all the Nike shoes which are sold in our city. Every morning I __________ (注意) everything, even the smallest things. I make every effort to please my customers. Many of my customers have become my friends. Last Spring Festival(春节), a little boy came to buy shoes. Unluckily, there were no shoes _______________ (可得到的) in his size. I told him I would ____________ (通知) him as soon as I got his size. My boss is very __________(满意) with my work. In fact, the work is hard, and I ___________ (总是想起) the beautiful days I spent at school. In my spare time, I _______________(发展) an interest in making toys with all kinds of used materials.

Project (1.5periods)

(1) text learning

Reporting school activities

Step 1 词汇学习

阅读下面短信，根据所给单词的首字母填空

( Cindy is a senior one student now. She writes to her cousin Peter for some help.)

Dear Peter,

How are you now? I find English more interesting but more difficult. We (1) u_________ to learn what our teachers told us to. Now we are often divided into small (2) g__________. We are often told to make (3) d___________ourselves, discuss what to do and then spend much time collecting (4) i_____________ to do many different activities. It’s great fun, but we can’t find enough time. As you know, we have lots of homework every day. Will you give me some (5) a ___________?

When I (6) v________ you last time, you told me to spend more time reading. You (7) m___________ a book. It told the true story of an Indian child yogi (瑜伽论者) who left his home at the age of 11 to travel for seven years on a 12, 000km journey. I can’t remember the (8) t_______ of the book but I remember it had the word “India” in it. Will you help me get it?

Best wishes,

Cindy

Step2 语言运用

1 请读下面说明，写一份通知

(To celebrate the Teachers’ Day of 2005, the Students Union has planned to hold a party. They have carefully prepared some programmes, like singing, dancing, piano concerto, playing erhu. The party will be held at 3:00pm on the Teachers’ Day in our playground. You are the monitor of your class. Your class teacher has asked you to tell your classmates about the party.)

Notice

I’m happy to inform you that _____________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

写通知时，必须把具体时间、日期、地点、事件、通知对象，用简洁的口语化的语言讲清楚。

Step 3 技能训练

1 比较信息，做出决定

Your oral English teacher Guy from London wants to learn Chinese music, Chinese painting and Chinese cooking in your class together with you. He wants to get your help, for he knows little Chinese. However, he has to give lessons to all the 16 classes in your grade. Help him to find the lessons he can attend by comparing his timetable and your class timetable.

Guy’s Timetable

Mon Tue Wed Thur Fri

Reading time

1st period

2nd period Class 1

3rd period Class 5 Class 2 C13 Class 9

4th period Class 4 Class 3 C 8 Class12

L U N C H T I M E

5th period Class 6 Class 7 C10 Class 14

6th period Class 15 C 16

7th period Class 11

8th period

Your class timetable

Mon Tue Wed Thur Fri

Reading time Chinese/English

1st period Chinese Maths English Chinese Maths

2nd period Maths Chinese Maths Maths Chinese Music

3rd period English History Chemistry English Chinese

4th period Geography Chemistry Chinese Painting Physics Politics

L U N C H T I M E

5th period Oral English Chinese Music Geography Chemistry PE

6th period Physics PE Physics History Chinese Painting

7th period Politics Computer Science Activities (cooking/sewing) PE Self-study

8th period Class meeting Games Library Class

Keys: Guy can attend Chinese Music on Tue (5th period) & Fri (2nd period).

He can also attend Chinese Cooking on Wed (7th and 8th periods).

He can only attend Chinese Painting on Fri ( 6th period).